Hana Hana ʻo Graphene

1, ʻano hoʻokae mechanical
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻoneʻe mīkini he ʻano e loaʻa ai nā mea graphene thin-layer me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka friction a me ka neʻe pili ma waena o nā mea a me ka graphene. He maʻalahi ke ʻano o ka hana, a ʻo ka graphene i loaʻa maʻamau e mālama i kahi ʻano aniani piha. I ka makahiki 2004, ua hoʻohana ʻelua mau kānaka ʻepekema Pelekania i ka lipine ʻālohilohi e ʻili i ka papa graphite maoli ma kēlā me kēia papa e loaʻa ai ka graphene, a ua helu pū ʻia ʻo ia me ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale mīkini. ʻO kēia ʻano hana i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono a hiki ʻole ke hana nui.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nui ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana i nā ʻano hana graphene. I kēia manawa, ua lanakila kekahi mau hui ma Xiamen, Guangdong a me nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe i ka bottleneck hana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka graphene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana ʻenehana e hana i ka graphene me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe.

2. ʻO ke ʻano Redox
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka graphite maoli ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents kemika e like me ka sulfuric acid a me ka waikawa nitric a me nā mea hoʻohenehene e like me ka potassium permanganate a me ka hydrogen peroxide, e hoʻonui i ka mamao ma waena o nā papa graphite, a hoʻokomo i nā oxides ma waena o nā papa graphite e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka GraphiteOxide. A laila, holoi ʻia ka reactant me ka wai, a maloʻo ka paʻa i holoi ʻia i ka wela haʻahaʻa e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka pauka graphite oxide. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo Graphene oxide ma ka ʻili ʻana i ka pauka graphite oxide e ka ʻili kino a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela. ʻO ka hope, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka graphene oxide ma ke ʻano kemika e loaʻa ai ka graphene (RGO). He maʻalahi kēia ʻano hana, me ka hua kiʻekiʻe, akā haʻahaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka huahana [13]. Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka wai ikaika e like me ka sulfuric acid a me ka waikawa nitric, he mea weliweli a koi nui i ka wai no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, e lawe mai ana i ka haumia kaiapuni.

ʻO Graphene i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ke ʻano redox aia nā pūʻulu hana i loko o ka oxygen a maʻalahi ke hoʻololi. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka graphene oxide, paʻakikī ke kāohi i ka ʻike oxygen o ka graphene ma hope o ka hōʻemi ʻana, a e hoʻemi mau ʻia ka graphene oxide ma lalo o ka mana o ka lā, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana i ke kaʻa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o waho, no laila ka maikaʻi o nā huahana graphene. i hana ʻia e ke ʻano redox ʻaʻole i kūlike mai ka pūʻulu a i ka pūʻulu, he mea paʻakikī ke kāohi i ka maikaʻi.
I kēia manawa, nui ka poʻe e huikau i nā manaʻo o ka graphite oxide, graphene oxide a me ka graphene oxide emi. He ʻeleʻele ka graphite oxide a he polymer o ka graphite a me ka oxide. ʻO ka Graphene oxide kahi huahana i loaʻa ma ka ʻili ʻana i ka graphite oxide i kahi papa hoʻokahi, kahi papalua a i ʻole kahi oligo, a loaʻa i ka nui o nā pūʻulu o ka oxygen, no laila, ʻaʻohe conductive ka graphene oxide a loaʻa nā waiwai ikaika, e hoʻemi mau ana. a hoʻokuʻu i nā kinoea e like me ka sulfur dioxide i ka wā e hoʻohana ai, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā o ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā mea wela. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka huahana ma hope o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka graphene oxide he graphene (hoʻemi i ka graphene oxide).

3. (silicon carbide) SiC epitaxial ala
ʻO ke ʻano epitaxial SiC ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻātoma silika mai nā mea a hana hou i ke koena C atoms ma o ka hui ʻana iā ia iho i loko o ka ʻūhā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela, no laila e loaʻa ai ka graphene e pili ana i ka substrate SiC. Hiki ke loaʻa ka graphene kiʻekiʻe ma kēia ʻano, akā pono kēia ʻano i nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe.